Expenditure responsibility requires private foundations to: Take steps to ensure that grants to certain organizations are spent only for the charitable purposes for which they were made. Obtain full and complete reports from the grantee on how the funds were spent. Make full and detailed reports on the expenditures to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).... Read More
To prevent certain abuses that could stem from allowing a nonprofit to control a for-profit enterprise (e.g., propping up stock prices), private foundations are prohibited from owning more than a small portion of any business enterprise. Specifically, the Internal Revenue Service prohibits a foundation, together with its disqualified persons, from holding more than a 20%... Read More
Direct charitable activities (DCAs) are those in which the foundation maintains some significant involvement, rather than simply awarding a grant to a recipient that carries out the activity. Examples include: Conducting educational seminars and conferences Providing goods, shelter, or clothing in which the foundation maintains some significant involvement (e.g., the distribution or delivery of the... Read More
The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) contains precise definitions for tax purposes of what is a charity and what is a private foundation. The difference is important because special rules and penalty taxes apply to private foundations but not public charities. Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC defines a charitable organization as follows: Corporations, and any community... Read More
Although most foundations choose to exist in perpetuity, it is increasingly common for foundations to consider closing shop. The reasons for closing shop are often straightforward—donor mandate, a preference to give while living, challenging family dynamics, or a desire to spend out for greater impact in the short term—but the process can be complicated. If... Read More
The Form 990-PF is often the public face of your foundation. It is publicly available at www.guidestar.org. Embedded in the Form 990-PF is a series of oft-neglected questions that give you an opportunity to explain how your charitable activities advance the foundation’s mission and vision. Instead of using the two or three lines provided on the... Read More