Exponent Philanthropy cannot offer sample bylaws—there are many state variations and characteristics and needs of individual foundations—but the following overview does describe common sections and what a foundation board might expect within its own bylaws: Name—In some states, the first section gives the name of the foundation or other similar details required by state corporate... Read More
A key to completing or reviewing the Form 990-PF is to have the required source documents available and organized before you start—even if you are hiring someone to complete the form for you. Categorizing Expenses For easier access to what you need, it can be helpful to categorize expenses throughout the year as follows: Administration... Read More
The Form 990-PF is a complex, public document private foundations file annually with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to help ensure that they are fulfilling their charitable purposes. As a general policy, a foundation should try to file its Form 990-PF by the due date (i.e., the 15th day of the 5th month after the... Read More
The easiest way to fund international causes is to use a U.S.-based intermediary or aid organization that has networks in foreign locations. Those organizations specialize in giving abroad and can redistribute funds effectively to meet specific needs. Not only may the grant be more effective because of the organization’s connections but foundations avoid the additional... Read More
Expenditure responsibility requires private foundations to: Take steps to ensure that grants to certain organizations are spent only for the charitable purposes for which they were made. Obtain full and complete reports from the grantee on how the funds were spent. Make full and detailed reports on the expenditures to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).... Read More
To prevent certain abuses that could stem from allowing a nonprofit to control a for-profit enterprise (e.g., propping up stock prices), private foundations are prohibited from owning more than a small portion of any business enterprise. Specifically, the Internal Revenue Service prohibits a foundation, together with its disqualified persons, from holding more than a 20%... Read More